The following ASCII file contains the text and tables (but not the figures)
included in the report:
SPENCER, N.E., WOODWORTH, P.L. & PUGH, D.T. 1988
Ancillary time series of mean sea level measurements.
Bidston, Birkenhead: Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. 69pp.
& appendices.
Copies of the report may still be obtained by contacting the PSMSL.
===========================================================================
ANCILLARY TIME SERIES OF MEAN SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
By
N.E.Spencer, P.L.Woodworth and D.T.Pugh
In January 1987 the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) published
a report (Pugh et al. 1987) summarising its data holdings of monthly and
annual mean values of sea level at 1243 stations worldwide. This dataset
is used by a wide range of researchers in the fields of oceanography,
climatology, geology and geodesy and is constantly being updated.
Normally, the PSMSL applies a set of selection criteria before mean values
of sea level are included in its databank. These criteria are designed to
reject data which are not measured relative to reliably-recorded benchmarks
on land or which are obtained from temporary installations (i.e. of only a
few months). In addition, the PSMSL requires monthly mean values to be
available before including the corresponding annual mean values into its
databank. This latter criteria results from a decision by the PSMSL several
years ago to databank sea level changes on monthly as well as annual
timescales, primarily for oceanographic research purposes, together with
the intention of exercising a certain amount of quality control on the
global dataset over longer timescales by means of a watch for large datum
shifts or other errors from month to month. The standard PSMSL dataset
inevitably, therefore, does not include all the available global mean sea
level data.
The intention of the present report is to record an assessment of the
quantity of sea level data which is available for analysis, in addition
to that included in the PSMSL databank. To a great extent we have asked
ourselves the question 'If one were to study secular changes of global
mean sea level, from which sources could one extract data?'. In brief,
we have found there to be two sources additional to the standard PSMSL
dataset:
(1) Compilations of annual mean values, without corresponding monthly
means, obtained from national sea level authorities by the PSMSL
and published as Publications Scientifiques of the International
Association of the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO). Largely these
have become 'forgotten data' and have not been included in recent global
mean sea level secular trend analyses such as those of Barnett (1983,1984)
or Gornitz et al. (1982) although they are included in Pirazzoli (1986).
and (2) Tabulated time series of mean sea level published by other authors
in the scientific literature. These include values of annual mean sea level,
without corresponding monthly means, made available since the publication
format of the Publications Scientifiques was discontinued by the PSMSL.
With the very old data, datum control is only very approximate and care
has to be taken if such data are to be included in any analysis. We have
chosen not to include in this compilation tabulations of composite sea
level or 'global' or 'regional-average' time series.
Clearly this list could, in principle, be extended considerably further.
However, we shall concern ourselves only with sea level measurements from
coastal and island locations and omit values from river gauges or inland
lakes (including the Caspian Sea). Furthermore, we shall not consider the
short recordings from pelagic bottom pressure recorders; a compilation of
most measurement locations and research institutes engaged in this area of
work can be found in two IAPSO volumes (Cartwright et al. 1979, Cartwright
and Zetler 1985) which detail tidal constants obtained by this technique.
Section 1 of this report is essentially a reproduction of the annual-only
mean sea level values from the seven Publications Scientifiques produced
by the PSMSL some years ago. These publications are rather difficult to
read, containing many errata to data in previous issues, and the
opportunity has been taken here of reproducing a definitive set of
annual-only mean sea level values from the seven volumes. As shorthand,
we refer to 'P.S.A.', 'P.S.B.' etc. where
P.S.A. is Publication Scientifique No. 5 published in 1940
P.S.B. is Publication Scientifique No.10 published in 1950
P.S.C. is Publication Scientifique No.12 published in 1953
P.S.D. is Publication Scientifique No.19 published in 1958
P.S.E. is Publication Scientifique No.20 published in 1959
P.S.F. is Publication Scientifique No.24 published in 1963
P.S.G. is Publication Scientifique No.26 published in 1968
Following the name of each sea level station, the first set of brackets
encloses the station latitude and longitude. The locations given are
those stated in the Publications Scientifiques. However, these may differ
slightly from those currently stored by the PSMSL. If the same or a nearby
station has monthly and annual values of mean sea level in the PSMSL
dataset, then the second set of brackets encloses the country/station code,
the years for which data are stored, and the years of data in the 'Revised
Local Reference (RLR)' dataset (from Pugh et al. 1987). It is only the
measurements from the RLR dataset which can be used to construct
connected time series of mean sea level changes. In a small number
of cases more than one PSMSL record is available from the same location.
Information is also given on the authorities from which the data were
obtained, the datum to which the measurements were made and the
observation frequency. (All details, particularly about benchmarks,
have not been copied over from the original Publications Scientifiques).
At the end of the station information section, the data themselves are
presented. All values are given in millimetres with greater relative sea
level defined as a larger positive number. In many cases the data
from one issue of the Publications Scientifiques correct those quoted
in previous issues. Furthermore, the values of Table C of P.S.E. and
of P.S.F. which were shown expressed in centimetres should have been
given as in metres. All annual-only mean data from the Publications
Scientifiques are included for the sake of completeness. In some cases,
however, there are obvious unrecorded datum shifts which make those
records of doubtful utility for time series analysis. Necessary additional
information is included in the 'Notes' section.
Section 2 provides information on the datum relationships between the
measurements of Section 1 and those stored in the PSMSL RLR dataset,
where such historical relationships are known. In several cases, the
datum connections allow long continuous time series of mean sea level
to be constructed which should be of great value in secular trend
analyses. Secular trends of relative sea level change are computed for
these records. Time series of Section 1, which are not included in
Section 2, can also potentially be used in analyses of secular trends of
mean sea level. However, they have to be employed with great care as their
measurement datums cannot be formally connected to any corresponding
datum of a record in the PSMSL RLR dataset.
Section 3 comprises a bibliography of time series of mean sea level,
additional to those of the PSMSL, given in the published papers of several
different authors. We have required each publication to give a tabulation
of mean sea level measurements, rather than just time series plots alone,
and have disregarded regional or global composite time series. We realise
that such a compilation will inevitably be incomplete, and we would be
grateful to receive information on other publications which should be
included. One of the purposes of this report is to stimulate interest in
the proper archiving and availability of all sea level data. All mean sea
level tabulations should, in principle, be included in future versions of
either this report or of the PSMSL 'Data Holdings' report. Requests for
copies of the publications should in the first instance be addressed to
the original authors. However, in cases of difficulty the PSMSL should
be able to provide copies of the relevant tabulations.
Address for Further Information
-------------------------------
The PSMSL will be pleased to provide copies of this report on floppy disc
or magnetic tape (as a means of data exchange) to any organisation or
individual interested in analysing sea level changes. It should be
contacted at:
Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
Bidston Observatory
Birkenhead
Merseyside L43 7RA
United Kingdom
or Telephone: (UK) 51-653-8633
or Telex: 628591 OCEANB G
or Fax: (UK) 51-653-6269
or Omnet/Telemail: PSMSL.POL
Acknowledgements
----------------
We have to record our indebtedness to the compilers of the volumes of
the Publications Scientifiques on whose efforts Section 1 has been
based, and to the authors listed in Section 3 for sending us copies
of their publications.
This report originated as part of a study of European and global sea
levels at Bidston Observatory partly funded by the Commission of the
European Communities. The PSMSL is supported under the auspices of the
Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services and by the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Partial funding
is provided by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council.
PSMSL, June 1988
References
----------
Barnett, T.P. (1983) Recent changes in sea level and their possible
causes. Climatic Change, 5, 15-38.
Barnett, T.P. (1984) The estimation of 'global' sea level change:
a problem of uniqueness. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, C5,
7980-7988.
Cartwright, D.E., Zetler, B.D. and Hamon, B.V. (1979) Pelagic tidal
constants. IAPSO Publication Scientifique No.30.
Cartwright, D.E. and Zetler, B.D. (1985) Pelagic tidal
constants 2. IAPSO Publication Scientifique No.33.
Gornitz, V., Lebedeff, L. and Hansen, J. (1982) Global sea level
trend in the past century. Science, 215 (4540), 1611-1614.
Pirazzoli, P.A. (1986) Secular trends of relative sea level (RSL)
changes indicated by tide-gauge records. Journal of Coastal Research,
SI1, 1-26.
Pugh, D.T., Spencer, N.E. and Woodworth, P.L. (1987) Data holdings of the
Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. Published by the PSMSL.
SECTION 1
ANNUAL-ONLY MEAN SEA LEVELS FROM THE PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES
NORWAY
Information for -
VARDO (70 22N, 31 06E) (040/001 1947-65, all in RLR)
(040/002 1880-85)
KABELVAAG (68 13N, 14 30E) (040/091 1880-85 1948-83, RLR 1948-83)
BODO (67 17N, 14 24E) (040/101 1949-70 1972-73,
RLR 1949-67 1969-70 1972-73)
BERGEN (60 24N, 05 18E) (040/221 1883-89 1928-40 1944 1946-73,
all in RLR)
STAVANGER (58 58N, 05 44E) (040/261 1881-85 1928-39 1949-73,
all in RLR)
OSCARSBORG (59 41N, 10 37E) (040/331 1872-82 1953-56 1959-69 1971-73,
all in RLR)
OSLO (59 54N, 10 45E) (040/321 1885-90 1928-73, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Norsk Gradmalings-Kommission, Kristiana
Datum : '0.0 cm relative to B.M.'
Observation: hourly
Data -
STATION PERIOD MEAN
VARDO 1891 April 1 - 1892 April 4 1430
KABELVAAG 1889 Feb. 7 - 1890 Feb. 10 83
BODO 1896 June 1 - 1897 June 4 -1123
1900 Jan. 1 - 1901 Jan. 4 (-1334)
BERGEN 1884 Dec. 27 - 1885 Dec. 30 92
1893 Dec. 1 - 1894 Dec. 4 74
STAVANGER 1899 April 1 - 1900 April 4 152
1900 July 1 - 1901 July 4 146
OSCARSBORG 1884 Jan. 1 - 1885 Jan. 3 -172
OSLO 1892 July 1 - 1893 July 4 106
Notes -
( ) indicates the mean value has been calculated from an incomplete
series of observations.
SWEDEN
Information for -
NEDRE STOCKHOLM (59 19N, 18 05E) (050/141 1889-1981, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : 1825-1927, 1928-32
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : relative to levelling system for 1825-1927;
unspecified for 1928-32
Observation: once per day
MEM (58 29N, 16 25E) (050/101 1887-1925)
P.S.A.: Period : 1864-86
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per week
MALMO (55 37N, 13 00E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1902-27
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : relative to levelling system
Observation: once per day
AHUS (55 55N, 14 18E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1903-27
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day
Information for KALMAR (56 40N, 16 22E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1903-27
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day
VISBY (57 39N, 18 18E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1916-27
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day
VASTERVIK (57 46N, 16 39E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1896-1927
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day
LULEA (65 32N, 22 11E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1912-27
Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm
Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day
Data -
NEDRE NEDRE
YEAR STOCKHOLM YEAR MEM STOCKHOLM
1825 (4320) 1861 .. 4070
1826 (4120) 1862 .. 4000
1827 (4150) 1863 .. 4160
1828 (4190) 1864 3920 4040
1829 (4090) 1865 3870 3990
1830 (4120) 1866 4000 4100
1831 (4070) 1867 3980 4060
1832 (4200) 1868 4010 4080
1833 (4140) 1869 4010 4100
1834 (4290) 1870 3920 3990
1835 (4240) 1871 3880 3950
1836 (4290) 1872 3890 3970
1837 (4240) 1873 3980 4070
1838 (4170) 1874 4030 4070
1839 (4160) 1875 3820 3820
1840 (4120) 1876 3920 3900
1841 (4070) 1877 3980 3960
1842 (4070) 1878 4000 4000
1843 (4120) 1879 3910 3920
1844 (4150) 1880 3970 3950
1845 (4070) 1881 3910 3910
1846 4090 1882 3920i 3890
1847 4040 1883 3900i 3880
1848 4050 1884 3920 3900
1849 4090 1885 3870 3880
1850 4080 1886 3820 3820
1851 4110 1887 .. 3910
1852 4080 1888 .. 3840
1853 4010 1889 .. 3860
1854 4130 1890 .. 3920
1855 4020 1891 .. 3840
1856 4070 1892 .. 3870
1857 3980 1893 .. 3930
1858 4080 1894 .. 3890
1859 4110 1895 .. 3880
1860 4030
NEDRE VASTER-
YEAR STOCKHOLM MALMO AHUS KALMAR VISBY VIK LULEA
..
1896 3870 .. .. .. .. 5940 ..
1897 3840 .. .. .. .. 5917 ..
1898 3950 .. .. .. .. 6003 ..
1899 4010 .. .. .. .. 6098 ..
1900 3830 .. .. .. .. 5957 ..
1901 3770 .. .. .. .. 5897 ..
1902 3830 1046 .. .. .. 5947 ..
1903 3960 1130 2135 4100 .. 6064 ..
1904 3820 1042 2026 4000 .. 5946 ..
1905 3870 1075 2068 4058 .. 5971 ..
1906 3870 1075 .. 4060 .. 5981 ..
1907 3840 1064 2033 4022 .. 5946 ..
1908 3760 1027 .. 3972 .. 5896 ..
1909 3820 1071 .. 4005 .. 5941 ..
1910 3830 1065 .. 4012 .. 5948 ..
1911 3850 1104 .. 4068 .. 5986 ..
1912 3840 1117 .. 4045 .. 5978 7823
1913 3880 1145 2104 4103 .. 6025 7859
1914 3830 1144 2050 4050 .. 5980 7886
1915 3760 1073 2016 3982 .. 5924 7761
1916 3790 1114 2019 3998 2010 5957 7753
1917 3770 1082 .. 3981 2010 5940 7753
1918 3760 1075 .. 3953 2000 5936 7754
1919 3740 1052 1976 3957 1970 5920 7777
1920 3740 1067 1989 3928 1940 5901 7771
1921 3850 1150 2062 4046 2080 6012 7854
1922 3810 1117 2049 4035 2030 5975 7678
1923 3840 1135 2071 4033 2070 5992 7823
1924 3760 1087 2012 3943 1970 5911 7743
1925 3830 1138 .. 4036 2060 5995 7792
1926 3770 1100 2046 3988 1990 5937 7675
1927 3840 1119 2055 4013 2020 5983 7705
----
1928 3740 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1929 3710 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1930 3700 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1931 3720 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1932 3750 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Notes -
( ) indicates the mean value has been calculated from an incomplete
series of observations
'i' indicates the mean values have been obtained by interpolation or
inference
The Publications Scientifiques claim that Nedre Stockholm data from
1928 are from a different source to prior to 1928. For a more complete
treatment of Stockholm data, see the reports by Ekman in Section 3.
In particular, note that prior to 1889 (the start of the PSMSL record)
measurements were not made by self-recording tide gauge.
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Information for -
WISMAR (53 54N, 11 28E) (120/021 1882-1944 1946-51 1953-56 1958-60
1962-64 1966-68 1970-80)
P.S.A.: Period : 1849-81
Authority : Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgisches Ministerium
des Innern.
Datum : unspecified
Observation: at hours 6,7,8,...,19,20 for 1849-58
at hours 8,12,16,20 for 1859-81
WARNEMUNDE (54 11N, 12 05E) (120/011 1882-1944 1946-49 1951-53 1955-60
1962-76 1978-80)
P.S.A.: Period : 1856-81
Authority : Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgisches Ministerium
des Innern.
Datum : unspecified
Observation: once per day for 1856-70
at hours 12,18 for 1870-81
Data -
YEAR WISMAR WARNEMUNDE
1849 131.2 ..
1850 103.1 ..
1851 138.2 ..
1852 61.3 ..
1853 91.2 ..
1854 119.7 ..
1855 88.5 ..
1856 118.0 1125.2
1857 56.0 1049.7
1858 61.1 1068.8
1859 74.2 1082.6
1860 47.1 1066.0
1861 87.3 1102.3
1862 48.4 1059.5
1863 88.6 1105.0
1864 83.1 1097.0
1865 68.1 1058.3
1866 82.1 1119.4
1867 168.4 1185.3
1868 157.8 1183.7
1869 119.5 1149.0
1870 93.4 1103.8
1871 87.7 1093.3
1872 55.0 1090.7
1873 98.3 1135.1
1874 141.0 1183.4
1875 77.8 1100.5
1876 111.3 1144.1
1877 124.9 1170.0
1878 172.4 1218.7
1879 167.6 1202.3
1880 158.3 1186.3
1881 140.1 1180.0
BELGIUM
Information for -
OSTENDE (51 14N, 02 55E) (160/021 1937-38 1943-80, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : 1925-27
Authority : L'Administration de la Marine, Brussels
Datum : 148cm relative to B.M.
Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods
Data -
YEAR OSTENDE
1925 2306
1926 2306
1927 2282
UNITED KINGDOM
Information for -
WEST HARTLEPOOL (54 41N, 01 11E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1858-60
Authority : Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.)
Datum : unspecified
Observation: unspecified
DOVER (51 07N, 01 19E) (170/111 1955-76 1978-83)
P.S.A.: Period : 1883, 1884, 1910
Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.)
Dover Harbour Board
Datum : -8.67ft relative to levelling system
Observation: once per hour
PORTLAND (50 34N, 02 26W) (170/151 1923-24 1961-64)
P.S.A.: Period : 1851, 1857, 1866, 1870
Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.)
Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute
Hydrographic Department of Admiralty, London
Datum : -2.08ft relative to levelling system or
-17.30ft relative to B.M.
Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods
HILBRE ISLAND (53 23N, 03 13W) (170/199 1959-71 1975-76 1980-81)
P.S.A.: Period : 1858-67
Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.)
Mersey Docks and Harbour Board
Datum : -10.00ft relative to B.M.
Observation: unspecified
LIVERPOOL (53 25N, 03 00W) (170/211 1918 1920 1924 1930 1934-38
1943-56 1958-81)
(170/213 1858-60 1863-67 1869-73 1878-79
1883-84 1886-96 1889-1901 1903-11)
P.S.A.: Period : 1857-59, 1866-69
Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.)
Mersey Docks and Harbour Board
Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute
Datum : -10.00ft relative to B.M. or
-14.67ft relative to levelling system
Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods
BLYTH (55 07N, 01 29W) (170/049 1955-83)
P.S.D.: Period : 1954-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1957-58
P.S.F.: Period : 1959-61
Authority : Blyth Harbour Commission
Datum : 6.49ft below Ordnance Datum 1915-21
Observation: Mean Tide Level
Data -
WEST HILBRE
YEAR HARTLEPOOL DOVER PORTLAND ISLAND LIVERPOOL
1851 .. .. 2157 .. ..
1857 .. 2135 .. *4486
1858 *3704 .. .. 4352 *4517
1859 *3649 .. .. 4393 *4520
1860 *3659 .. .. 4404 ..
1861 .. .. .. 4413 ..
1862 .. .. .. 4464 ..
1863 .. .. .. 4404 ..
1864 .. .. .. 4384 ..
1865 .. .. .. 4394 ..
1866 .. .. 2168 4428 *4541
1867 .. .. .. 4395 *4598
1868 .. .. .. .. *4721
1869 .. .. .. .. *4613
1870 .. .. 2129 .. ..
1883 .. 2793 .. .. ..
1884 .. 2777 .. .. ..
1910 .. 2541 .. .. ..
YEAR BLYTH
1954 2266
1955 2281
1956 2253
1957 2304
1958 2298
1959 2287
1960 2285
1961 2327
Notes -
'*' indicates period starts in year stated but ends in next
FRANCE (ATLANTIC)
Information for -
DUNKERQUE (51 03N, 02 22E) (190/001 1942 1956-62 1964-83, all in RLR)
P.S.D.: Period : 1923-40, 1948-55
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-59
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
CALAIS (50 58N, 01 51E) (190/011 1941-42 1965-83, all in RLR)
P.S.D.: Period : 1932-34, 1936-40
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
BOULOGNE (50 44N, 01 35E) (190/021 1942 1973-82, RLR 1973-82)
P.S.D.: Period : 1932-40, 1949-56
P.S.F.: Period : 1957
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
DIEPPE (49 56N, 01 05E) (190/031 1942 1954 1956-83, RLR 1954 1956-83)
P.S.D.: Period : 1936-38, 1948, 1950-52, 1954
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
LE HAVRE (49 29N, 00 06E) (190/051 1941-42 1959-64 1971-80 1983,
all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : 1860-63, 1870-86
P.S.D.: Period : 1931-34, 1936-40, 1948-51, 1953-55
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-59
Authorities: Service du Nivellement General de la France
in P.S.A.
Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
also given as -602.4cm relative to B.M. in P.S.A.
Observation: medimaremetre
OUISTREHAM (49 17N, 00 05W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1932-34, 1936-44, 1947-48, 1950-51
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
LE CONQUET (48 22N, 04 47W) (190/089 1971-84, all in RLR)
P.S.D.: Period : 1928-34, 1936-41, 1947-52, 1954-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.A.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
CHERBOURG (49 39N, 01 37W) (190/061 1942-44 196-63 1974-84,
RLR 1974-84)
P.S.A.: Period : 1860-84
P.S.D.: Period : 1891-1950
P.S.F.: Period : 1952-54, 1958-59
Authorities: Service du Nivellement General de la France
in P.S.A.
Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
also given as -490.3cm relative to B.M. in P.S.A.
Observation: medimaremetre
CAMERET (48 16N, 04 36W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1890-1927
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
QUIBERON (47 29N, 03 06W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1889-1917
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
LA PALLICE (46 10N, 01 13W) (190/121 1942 1956-63 1967-79,
RLR 1956-63 1967-79)
P.S.D.: Period : 1891-95, 1911-14, 1916-35, 1938-42, 1948-55
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
LES SABLES D'OLONNES (46 30N, 01 47W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1892-93, 1896-1910, 1912-21, 1923-45,
1948-49, 1953-56
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
ST.JEAN-DE-LUZ (43 24N, 01 41W) (190/141 1942-44 1960-82, all in RLR)
P.S.D.: Period : 1890-1928, 1932-34, 1936-41, 1945-56
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
BIARRITZ (43 29N, 01 34W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1889-1904, 1906-23, 1925-42
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
LE
YEAR HAVRE
1860 4579
1861 4595
1862 4612
1863 4587
1870 4538
1871 4591
1872 4648
1873 4632
1874 4594
1875 4583
1876 4597
1877 4676
1878 4713
1879 4674
1880 4626
1881 4626
1882 4582
1883 4573
1884 4619
1885 4591
1886 4592
----
YEAR CAMERET QUIBERON
[1889 .. 90
[1890 -50 70
[1891 10 -150
[1892 30 -40
[1893 -10 -200
[1894 -20 -10
[1895 20 -40
[1896 -20 -70
[1897 0 80
[1898 -40 40
[1899 30 60
[1900 0 50
[1901 -30 -60
[1902 0 -20
[1903 10 100
[1904 -30 100
[1905 80 230
[1906 -60 -10
[1907 -20 -70
[1908 40 -200
[1909 20 90
[1910 60 110
[1911 60 110
[1912 120 160
[1913 180 20
[1914 0 40
[1915 70 40
[1916 160 150
[1917 -30 100
[1918 -20 ..
[1919 -60 ..
[1920 80 ..
[1921 10 ..
[1922 80 ..
[1923 .. ..
[1924 160 ..
[1925 120 ..
[1926 10 ..
[1927 150 ..
LE LE
YEAR DUNKERQUE CALAIS BOULOGNE DIEPPE HAVRE OUISTREHAM CONQUET
*1923 48 .. .. .. .. .. ..
*1924 158 .. .. .. .. .. ..
*1925 656 .. .. .. .. .. ..
*1926 733 .. .. .. .. .. ..
*1927 640 .. .. .. .. .. ..
*1928 757 .. .. .. .. .. 174
*1929 -22 .. .. .. .. .. 46
*1930 71 .. .. .. .. .. 96
*1931 56 .. .. .. -27 .. 91
*1932 22 143 -4 .. -45 192 60
*1933 29 169 -57 .. -57 286 42
*1934 226 101 -55 .. -24 316 31
*1935 781 .. -39 .. .. .. ..
*1936 467 144 114 124 275 102 20
1937 753# 107# 78# 177# 645# 116# 75#
1938 407# 219# 73# -60# 296 48# 9#
1939 400# 207# 11# .. -11# 90# 40#
1940 318# 190# 4# .. -24# 47# 5#
1941 .. .. .. .. .. 51# 13#
1942 .. .. .. .. .. 123# ..
1943 .. .. .. .. .. 88# ..
1944 .. .. .. .. .. -37# ..
1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1947 .. .. .. .. .. 145 385
1948 37 .. .. 40 59 187 465
1949 57 .. 54 .. -108 .. 255
1950 131 .. -4 131 -177 271 357
1951 170 .. -45 180 -142 106 283
1952 197 .. 134 113 .. .. 209
1953 125 .. 57 .. 92 .. ..
1954 72 .. 139 -24 16 .. 160
1955 25 .. 178 .. 109 .. 214
1956 62+ .. 51 .. 119 .. 96
1957 42& .. 116& .. 215 .. 116&
1958 60& .. .. .. 226& .. 54
1959 7 .. .. .. 272 .. 140
ST. JEAN LA LES SABLES
YEAR DE LUZ BIARRITZ PALLICE D'OLONNE CHERBOURG
1860 .. .. .. .. 3581
1861 .. .. .. .. 3616
1862 .. .. .. .. 3592
1863 .. .. .. .. 3603
1864 .. .. .. .. 3598
1865 .. .. .. .. 3604
1866 .. .. .. .. 3630
1867 .. .. .. .. 3635
1868 .. .. .. .. 3622
1869 .. .. .. .. 3606
1870 .. .. .. .. 3587
1871 .. .. .. .. 3565
1872 .. .. .. .. 3619
1873 .. .. .. .. 3600
1874 .. .. .. .. 3558
1875 .. .. .. .. 3610
1876 .. .. .. .. 3624
1877 .. .. .. .. 3660
1878 .. .. .. .. 3618
1879 .. .. .. .. 3626
1880 .. .. .. .. 3641
1881 .. .. .. .. 3630
1882 .. .. .. .. 3621
1883 .. .. .. .. 3608
1884 .. .. .. .. 3622
----
1885 .. .. .. .. ..
1886 .. .. .. .. ..
1887 .. .. .. .. ..
1888 .. .. .. .. ..
1889 .. 172* .. .. ..
*1890 149 129 .. .. ..
*1891 196 180 72 .. -36
*1892 208 243 97 30 -77
*1893 212 231 16 -28 -88
*1894 169 312 72 .. -97
*1895 206 290 117 .. -87
*1896 167 275 .. -28 -105
*1897 119 163 .. -7 -125
*1898 98 209 .. 6 -53
*1899 140 191 .. -34 -16
*1900 247 276 .. -68 -97
*1901 364 241 .. 27 -61
*1902 279 128 .. 2 -117
*1903 158 47 .. 48 -20
*1904 130 43 .. -6 -107
*1905 150 .. .. -66 -90
*1906 166 183 .. -17 -80
*1907 218 149 .. 5 -81
*1908 198 115 .. 30 -65
*1909 202 121 .. 65 -2
*1910 222 183 .. 16 85
*1911 212 141 134 .. 91
*1912 247 102 184 -4 74
*1913 237 110 468 -52 -89
*1914 232 229 501 198 50
*1915 213 217 .. 100 -86
*1916 292 250 180 97 -107
*1917 177 221 -191 100 -17
*1918 113 122 -152 47 -42
*1919 206 173 -221 77 -52
*1920 131 120 162 86 -25
*1921 146 166 159 37 -68
*1922 198 86 93 .. -98
*1923 216 181 323 39 -187
*1924 204 .. 119 180 -238
*1925 186 223 122 139 -253
*1926 64 195 183 88 -237
*1927 -9 148 152 36 -222
*1928 46 157 197 122 -126
*1929 .. 166 240 152 -93
*1930 .. 244 360 266 -123
*1931 .. 179 323 246 -278
*1932 401 128 258 55 -167
*1933 313 229 98 11 -77
*1934 170 219 148 34 -87
*1935 .. 144 106 2 19
*1936 204 199 .. 127 61
1937 150# 247# .. 115# 51#
1938 19# 117# 286# 67# -72#
1939 164# 116 223 118# -59#
1940 181# 251 403 85# -73#
1941 66# 315 499 61# -52#
1942 .. 277 449 49# -77#
1943 .. .. .. 43# -53#
1944 .. .. .. 5# -169#
1945 256# .. .. 93# 35
1946 201# .. .. .. 89
1947 392 .. .. .. 30
1948 293 .. 172 187 55
1949 183 .. 85 113 -94
1950 333 .. 118 .. -100
1951 378 .. 118 .. ..
1952 303 .. 90 .. 55
1953 269 .. -1 139 -94
1954 344 .. -116 165 -100
1955 423 .. -227 252 ..
1956 372 .. .. 210 ..
1957 407& .. .. .. ..
1958 .. .. .. .. -68&
1959 309 .. .. .. -116
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
SPAIN
Information for -
CADIZ (36 30N, 06 12W) (220/001 1946-65)
(220/002 1916-19 1976-78)
P.S.A.: Period : 1880-98, 1900-19, 1921-23
Authorities: Instituto Geografico, Catastral y de Estadistica,
Madrid
Servicio Hidrografico, Instituto y Observatorio
de Marina, San Fernando
Datum : Levelling System
Observation: unspecified
ALICANTE (38 20N, 00 29W) (220/051 1916-20 1927-39 1943-46 1950-62
1964-69, RLR 1952-62 1964-69)
(220/052 1960-78, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : 1874-1911, 1916-23, 1927-34
Authority : Instituto Geografico, Catastral y de Estadistica,
Madrid
Datum : Levelling System
Observation: unspecified
Data -
YEAR CADIZ ALICANTE YEAR CADIZ ALICANTE
1874 .. -3420 1905 -3014 -3329
1875 .. -3424 1906 -2993 -3324
1876 .. -3395 1907 -2948 -3431
1877 .. -3405 1908 -3049 -3433
1878 .. -3398 1909 -3112 -3426
1879 .. -3387 1910 -3090 -3416
1880 -2928 -3368 1911 -3053 -3413
1881 -2993 -3403 1912 -3057 ..
1882 -3035 -3269 1913 -2973 ..
1883 -2985 -3253 1914 -2999 ..
1884 -2937 -3328 1915 -2975 ..
1885 -2982 -3380 1916 -2899 -3342
1886 -3043 -3400 1917 -2948 -3391
1887 -3001 -3370 1918 -2863 -3346
1888 -3006 -3387 1919 -2845 -3377
1889 -3102 -3360 1920 .. -3341
1890 -2977 -3330 1921 -2941 -3341
1891 -2986 -3306 1922 -2968 -3363
1892 -3022 -3407 1923 -2948 -3347
1893 -3018 -3358 1924 .. ..
1894 -2975 -3338 1925 .. ..
1895 -2951 -3397 1926 .. ..
1896 -2992 -3416 1927 .. -3376
1897 -2988 -3432 1928 .. -3389
1898 -2965 -3334 1929 .. -3416
1899 .. -3423 1930 .. -3389
1900 -2983 -3377 1931 .. -3371
1901 -2968 -3333 1932 .. -3385
1902 -3016 -3332 1933 .. -3385
1903 -3005 -3322 1934 .. -3387
1904 -3018 -3352
Notes -
For 1874-1923 recording period starts in year stated but ends in next.
Values for Alicante are given to an extra decimal place in P.S.A.
P.S.A. contains information on number of days recording in each year.
FRANCE (MEDITERRANEAN)
Information for -
PORT VENDRES (42 31N, 03 07E) (230/006 1978-83)
P.S.D.: Period : 1888-1943, 1947-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
SETE (43 24N, 03 42E) (230/021 1960-61 1978-79)
P.S.D.: Period : 1888-1933, 1937-43, 1947-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
PORT DE BOUC (43 24N, 04 59E) (230/031 1960-63 1978-83)
P.S.D.: Period : 1894-1908, 1910-39, 1943-55
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
MARTIGUES (43 24N, 05 03E) (230/041 1960-63 1978-83)
P.S.D.: Period : 1894-1956
P.S.F.: Period : 1957-58
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
MARSEILLE (43 18N, 05 21E) (230/051 1885-1936 1938-58 1960-63 1970-84,
RLR 1885-1936 1938-58 1960-63)
P.S.D.: Period : 1885-1956
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
LA CIOTAT (43 10N, 05 37E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1893-1942, 1948-52
Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
VILLEFRANCHE (43 42N, 07 20E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1913-33, 1936-55
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris
in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
NICE (43 41N, 07 17E) (230/081 1978-84)
P.S.A.: Period : 1888-1909
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
PORT PORT LA VILLE-
YEAR VENDRES SETE DE BOUC MARTIGUES MARSEILLES CIOTAT FRANCHE NICE
1885 .. .. .. .. 11 .. .. ..
1886 .. .. .. .. 7 .. .. ..
1887 .. .. .. .. -2 .. .. ..
1888 -11* -1* .. .. 12 .. .. -60[
1889 -19* -24* .. .. 2 .. .. -60[
*1890 -28 -43 .. .. -18 .. .. -80[
*1891 -14 -21 .. .. -6 .. .. -80[
*1892 3 -5 .. .. 20 .. .. -50[
*1893 0 -9 .. .. 13 64 .. -20[
*1894 -38 -57 1 -2 -15 16 .. -100[
*1895 30 22 2 28 49 66 .. -40[
*1896 -34 -37 -59 -10 1 20 .. -80[
*1897 -12 -23 -45 -3 8 44 .. -60[
*1898 -17 -2 1 29 29 40 .. -60[
*1899 -8 -15 8 5 33 21 .. -60[
*1900 21 5 51 24 66 76 .. -30[
*1901 1 -9 53 26 53 67 .. -40[
*1902 22 19 12 83 54 74 .. -20[
*1903 -3 -15 -48 17 26 46 .. -50[
*1904 7 29 -34 48 38 50 .. -40[
*1905 -28 -35 18 23 22 45 .. -60[
*1906 -14 -47 13 20 21 57 .. -50[
*1907 -27 -4 -43 30 15 21 .. -70[
*1908 -57 -54 -92 -4 2 -25 .. -80[
*1909 -35 -30 .. 15 14 3 .. -50[
*1910 8 -19 22 60 42 61 .. ..
*1911 1 -16 -9 72 35 41 .. ..
*1912 8 -14 -10 72 19 40 .. ..
*1913 4 -10 -30 76 24 19 19 ..
*1914 -15 -19 -53 66 24 15 -35 ..
*1915 -21 12 39 106 58 64 -31 ..
*1916 24 49 26 95 101 53 -20 ..
*1917 13 13 -44 63 24 71 -40 ..
*1918 12 -9 60 35 46 46 -32 ..
*1919 11 -13 59 80 65 58 6 ..
*1920 -1 -22 -3 3 43 38 -33 ..
*1921 -16 -62 -35 33 29 45 -90 ..
*1922 -27 -49 6 -1 50 12 -89 ..
*1923 -31 -64 -4 28 30 -36 -3 ..
*1924 0 -50 28 -18 34 3 -63 ..
*1925 -10 33 5 32 28 19 -43 ..
*1926 3 -66 -4 32 67 47 9 ..
*1927 -10 -65 -12 1 77 105 23 ..
*1928 17 -81 37 18 72 123 28 ..
*1929 -2 -98 19 -21 31 82 9 ..
*1930 46 -47 72 7 68 102 31 ..
*1931 16 -47 61 34 51 95 16 ..
*1932 14 -90 46 -32 45 110 -16 ..
*1933 28 -57 64 -41 86 131 -2 ..
*1934 -6 .. 131 37 72 103 .. ..
*1935 11 .. 115 55 69 100 .. ..
*1936 54 .. 151 129 105 143 81 ..
1937 100# 35# 152# 100# 123# 154# 49# ..
1938 120# -91# 107# 26# 34# 83# -77# ..
1939 141# -36# 35# -32# 94 126# 36# ..
1940 133# -54# .. -30# 93 124# -16# ..
1941 145# -47# .. -47# 96 131# -72# ..
1942 165# -34# .. -41# 88 138# -13# ..
1943 93# -38# 132# 10# 67 .. -3# ..
1944 .. .. 204# 55# 81 .. -54# ..
1945 .. .. 352# 9# 35 .. -70# ..
1946 .. .. 366# 36# 74 .. 57# ..
1947 75 40 500 79 96 .. 11 ..
1948 39 1 408 53 78 119 30 ..
1949 24 -9 235 -5 66 144 13 ..
1950 30 18 270 -10 70 98 12 ..
1951 95 53 296 43 220 134 50 ..
1952 48 33 260 11 220 82 20 ..
1953 36 -26 335 45 79 .. -26 ..
1954 30 -26 246 14 80 .. -12 ..
1955 106 29 66 -67 146 .. 21 ..
1956 23 -89 72+ 131 113 .. -14 ..
1957 30& -34& 124& 20 .. .. -30& ..
1958 62 -57 273 -147 .. .. .. ..
1959 79 24 162 .. .. .. .. ..
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
FRANCE (CORSICA)
Information for -
AJACCIO (41 55N, 08 44E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1912-37, 1948-49, 1951-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : 207.1cm below B.M.
Observation: medimaremetre
BONIFACIO (41 23N, 09 08E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1929-36, 1938-42, 1948-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Local
Observation: medimaremetre
BASTIA (42 41N, 09 26E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1912-34, 1938-43, 1948-55
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-58
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Local
Observation: medimaremetre
PROPRIANO (41 41N, 08 54E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1912-26
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris
Datum : Local
Observation: medimaremetre
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data
Data -
YEAR AJACCIO BONIFACIO BASTIA YEAR PROPRIANO
*1912 267 .. 172 [1912 280u
*1913 330 .. 170 [1913 320u
*1914 297 .. 171 [1914 370u
*1915 296 .. 237 [1915 350u
*1916 292 .. 224 [1916 400u
*1917 304 .. 206 [1917 280u
*1918 281 .. 186 [1918 240u
*1919 325 .. 219 [1919 ..
*1920 270 .. 133 [1920 470
*1921 259 .. 92 [1921 430
*1922 265 .. 98 [1922 490
*1923 314 .. 214 [1923 470
*1924 300 .. 389 [1924 510
*1925 306 .. 445 [1925 400
*1926 292 .. 440 [1926 520
*1927 307 .. 403
*1928 280 .. 426
*1929 283 671 345
*1930 325 560 398
*1931 323 564 526
*1932 297 520 470
*1933 306 543 418
*1934 282 496 369
*1935 291 526 ..
*1936 327 533 ..
1937 347# .. ..
1938 .. 679# 215
1939 .. 489# 108#
1940 .. 334# 119#
1941 .. 178# 180#
1942 .. 153# 218#
1943 .. .. 102#
1944 .. .. ..
1945 .. .. ..
1946 .. .. ..
1947 .. .. ..
1948 -93 182 158
1949 -231 47 56
1950 .. -2 23
1951 -234 241 114
1952 -252 134 38
1953 -273 -66 -88
1954 -262 -159 -151
1955 -359 -427 76
1956 -400+ -472 97
1957 -366& -431& 289&
1958 -351 -464 300
1959 -402 -464 ..
TURKEY
Information for -
ALEXANDRETTE (36 37N, 36 07E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1927-34
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : unspecified
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR ALEXANDRETTE
[1922 ..
[1923 ..
[1924 ..
[1925 ..
[1926 ..
[1927 410u
[1928 350u
[1929 340u
[1930 320u
[1931 350u
[1932 360u
[1933 330u
[1934 230u
Notes -
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data
LEBANON
Information for -
BEYROUTH (36 54N, 35 28E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1922-31
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : unspecified
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR BEYROUTH
[1922 370u
[1923 340u
[1924 360u
[1925 370u
[1926 420u
[1927 350u
[1928 400u
[1929 380u
[1930 390u
[1931 400u
[1932 ..
[1933 ..
[1934 ..
Notes -
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data
EGYPT
Information for -
SUEZ (29 56N, 32 33E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1897-1903
Authority : La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de
Suez, Ismailia
Datum : -10.34cm relative to B.M.
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR SUEZ
1897 4338
1898 4360
1899 4392
1900 4402
1901 4400
1902 4361
1903 4190
TUNISIA
Information for -
SFAX (34 44N, 10 46E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1910-42, 1950-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Tunisien
Observation: medimaremetre
SOUSSE (35 49N, 10 37E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1910-42, 1949-50, 1952-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Tunisien
Observation: medimaremetre
LA GOULETTE (36 49N, 10 18E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1889-1942, 1949-51, 1954-55
P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F.
Datum : Zero Tunisien
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR SFAX SOUSSE LA GOULETTE
*1889 .. .. -24
*1890 .. .. -104
*1891 .. .. -33
*1892 .. .. -8
*1893 .. .. -6
*1894 .. .. -57
*1895 .. .. 7
*1896 .. .. -5
*1897 .. .. -36
*1898 .. .. -31
*1899 .. .. -37
*1900 .. .. 5
*1901 .. .. -14
*1902 .. .. -5
*1903 .. .. -42
*1904 .. .. -21
*1905 .. .. -17
*1906 .. .. -30
*1907 .. .. -63
*1908 .. .. -85
*1909 .. .. -59
*1910 -85 -93 -32
*1911 -145 -110 -52
*1912 -132 -95 -39
*1913 -147 -115 -62
*1914 -157 -143 -37
*1915 -89 -88 -21
*1916 -113 -94 -39
*1917 -190 -121 -50
*1918 -206 -179 -63
*1919 -138 -95 -49
*1920 -140 -130 -61
*1921 -131 -128 -87
*1922 -144 -97 -60
*1923 -143 -132 -61
*1924 -100 -57 -41
*1925 -136 -102 -52
*1926 -89 -64 -14
*1927 -121 -38 -12
*1928 -77 -60 -4
*1929 -49 .. -24
*1930 -70 -15 -10
*1931 -43 -22 -20
*1932 -72 -85 -63
*1933 -10 -18 -23
*1934 36 -70 -43
*1935 143 -21 -19
*1936 126 18 -2
1937 -1# 19# -12#
1938 -4# -48# -49#
1939 13 7# -29
1940 -16 4# -22
1941 -81 11# -51
1942 -61 9# -56
1943 .. .. ..
1944 .. .. ..
1945 .. .. ..
1946 .. .. ..
1947 .. .. ..
1948 .. .. ..
1949 .. 65 49
1950 115 3 51
1951 122 .. 43
1952 74 12 ..
1953 68 -40 ..
1954 116 -7 29
1955 120 23 64
1956 131 -12 15+
1957 149& 12& -34&
1958 106 30 ..
1959 70 25 ..
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
ALGERIA
Information -
BONE INTERIEUR (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.B.: Period : 1937, 1939-41
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : not specified
Observation: medimaremetre
BONE NO.1 (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.B.: Period : 1938
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : not specified
Observation: medimaremetre
BONE NO.2 (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1908-41, 1948-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Algerien
Observation: medimaremetre
ALGER (36 47N, 03 04E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1905-42, 1949-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Algerien
Observation: medimaremetre
ORAN (35 43N, 00 39W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1890-1906, 1908-20, 1923-42, 1945-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Algerien
Observation: medimaremetre
PORT SAY (unspecified location) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1925-31
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris
Datum : Zero Algerien
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR BONE NO.2 ALGER ORAN
*1890 .. .. -76
*1891 .. .. -67
*1892 .. .. -57
*1893 .. .. -115
*1894 .. .. -163
*1895 .. .. -123
*1896 .. .. -109
*1897 .. .. -107
*1898 .. .. -137
*1899 .. .. -80
*1900 .. .. -104
*1901 .. .. -126
*1902 .. .. -40
*1903 .. .. -89
*1904 .. .. -50
*1905 .. 30 -67
*1906 .. 3 -54
*1907 .. 7 ..
*1908 147 -36 -134
*1909 177 -1 -119
*1910 188 1 -49
*1911 185 -26 -80
*1912 187 -50 -70
*1913 168 -75 -42
*1914 154 -86 -89
*1915 206 -22 -50
*1916 206 -12 -61
*1917 155 -40 -47
*1918 169 -116 -69
*1919 116 -33 -100
*1920 337 -27 -122
*1921 318 -34 ..
*1922 303 -18 ..
*1923 205 15 -53 PORT SAY
*1924 145 3 -17
*1925 143 21 -74 200[
*1926 135 8 -30 200[
*1927 230 -66 -26 200[
*1928 200 -1 -39 200[
*1929 164 -9 -43 210[
*1930 168 3 -54 200[
*1931 207 15 51 230[
*1932 173 -6 117
*1933 96 30 156
*1934 -31 0 175
*1935 -38 -9 186 BONE INTERIEUR BONE NO.1
*1936 60 42 243
1937 219 39# 214# 190 ..
1938 163# -12# 300# .. 130
1939 217 29# 7# 190 ..
1940 194 24# -2# 170 ..
1941 196 -146# -58# 160 ..
1942 .. -148# -95#
1943 .. .. ..
1944 .. .. ..
1945 .. .. ..
1946 .. .. -8
1947 .. .. -30
1948 96 .. 18
1949 266 39 -1
1950 202 12 29
1951 180 -5 11
1952 230 -29 -35
1953 261 -48 -54
1954 167 -54 -44
1955 266 -29 -17
1956 322 -70 -58
1957 270& -108& -24&
1958 363 -78 -16
1959 258 -38 -43
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
MOROCCO
Information for -
CASABLANCA (33 36N, 07 37W) (350/021 1957-59)
P.S.D.: Period : 1923-44, 1947-53, 1955-56
P.S.E.: Period : 1958
P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : Zero Marocain
Observation: medimaremetre
AGADIR (30 25N, 09 38W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.E.: Period : 1957
P.S.F.: Period : 1958, 1959
Authority : Institut Geographique National, Paris
Datum : Zero Marocain
Observation: medimaremetre
MOGADOR (31 31N, 09 47W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1924-29
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris
Datum : Zero Marocain
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR CASABLANCA MOGADOR YEAR CASABLANCA AGADIR
1923 45* .. 1940 20 ..
1924 107* 210[ 1941 1 ..
1925 37* 130[ 1942 -6 ..
1926 45* 160[ 1943 -10 ..
1927 -59* 140[ 1944 -41 ..
1928 -38* 140[ 1945 .. ..
1929 -25* 160[ 1946 .. ..
1930 -22* .. 1947 30 ..
1931 -1* .. 1948 87 ..
1932 -41* .. 1949 54 ..
1933 45* .. 1950 -25 ..
1934 36* .. 1951 -81 ..
1935 92* .. 1952 -168 ..
1936 94* .. 1953 -136 ..
1937 57# .. 1954 .. ..
1938 3# .. 1955 35 ..
1939 -2 .. 1956 50 ..
1957 52& 39
1958 -11 39
1959 55 -78
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
MADAGASCAR
Information for -
TAMATAVE (18 09S, 49 26E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.D.: Period : 1930-51
P.S.E.: Period : 1953-57
P.S.F.: Period : 1952, 1958-59
Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D.
Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F.
Datum : B.M. in P.S.D.
Nivellement de Madagascar in P.S.E/F.
Observation: medimaremetre
TULEAR (23 21S, 43 38E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.B.: Period : 1937-38
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : 'level of B.M.'
Observation: medimaremetre
MAJUNGA (15 40S, 46 21E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1932-33, 1936
P.S.B.: Period : 1937
Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France
Datum : 'level of B.M.'
Observation: medimaremetre
Data -
YEAR TAMATAVE YEAR TAMATAVE
*1923 .. 1940 74
*1924 .. 1941 85
*1925 .. 1942 18
*1926 .. 1943 9
*1927 .. 1944 -11
*1928 .. 1945 -51
*1929 .. 1946 -65
*1930 -34 1947 65
*1931 0 1948 -36
*1932 36 1949 -7
*1933 -10 1950 -119
*1934 -14 1951 -136
*1935 -8 ----------------- change of datum
*1936 9 1952 38&
1937 0# 1953 129
1938 -1# 1954 162
1939 1 1955 41
1956 92
1957 86
1958 3
1959 -1
YEAR TULEAR MAJUNGA
1932 .. -40[
1933 .. -40[
1936 .. -270[u
------
1937 -3005 -3753
1938 -2888 ..
Notes -
'*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A.
'#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B.
'&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E.
'[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre
'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data
YEMEN REPUBLIC
Information for -
PERIM (12 39N, 43 25E) (Not in the PSMSL)
ADEN (12 47N, 44 59E) (485/001 1879-93 1916-33 1937-69, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR PERIM ADEN
1894 .. 1776
1895 .. 1782
1896 .. 1779
1897 .. 1808
1898 1645 1804
1899 1634 1792
1900 1623 1763
1901 1648 1779
1902 1659 1826
1903 .. 1818
1904 .. 1790
1905 .. 1785
1906 .. 1772
1907 .. 1786
1908 .. 1774
1909 .. 1765
1910 .. 1779
1911 .. 1758
1912 .. 1790
1913 .. 1786
1914 .. 1778
1915 .. 1814
1916 .. 1800
1917 .. 1766
1918 .. 1783
1919 .. 1780
1920 .. 1789
OMAN
Information for -
MASKAT (23 37N, 58 36E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1893-97
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR MASKAT
1893 2345
1894 2345
1895 2328
1896 2348
1897 2347
IRAQ
Information for -
BASRAH (30 31N, 47 51E) (482/031 1917-18)
P.S.A.: Period : 1916, 1919-24
Authorities: Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute
Port Director, Basrah
Datum : Local B.M
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR BASRAH
1916 2105
1917 ..
1918 ..
1919 2204
1920 1993
1921 1946
1922 1963
1923 1855
1924 1784
IRAN
Information for -
BUSHIRE (28 54N, 50 45E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : 1892, 1894-1900
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR BUSHIRE
1892 1487
1893 ..
1894 1454
1895 1431
1896 1418
1897 1436
1898 1429
1899 1408
1900 1408
PAKISTAN
Information for -
KARACHI (24 48N, 66 58E) (490/021 1916-20 1937-48 1957-82)
P.S.A.: Period : 1868-1920
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR KARACHI YEAR KARACHI
1868 2179 1895 2192
1869 2222 1896 2192
1870 2214 1897 2199
1871 2166 1898 2207
1872 2149 1899 2192
1873 2158 1900 2153
1874 2180 1901 2180
1875 2180 1902 2227
1876 2174 1903 2220
1877 2197 1904 2198
1878 2234 1905 2170
1879 2227 1906 2202
1880 2215 1907 2234
1881 2188 1908 2188
1882 2152 1909 2183
1883 2192 1910 2205
1884 2194 1911 2202
1885 2196 1912 2229
1886 2202 1913 2208
1887 2180 1914 2231
1888 2174 1915 2231
1889 2181 1916 2248
1890 2177 1917 2246
1891 2168 1918 2237
1892 2208 1919 2209
1893 2195 1920 2249
1894 2200
ANDAMAN ISLANDS
Information for -
PORT BLAIR (11 41N, 92 46E) (540/001 1916-20 1952-57 1960-64)
P.S.A.: Period : 1880-1920
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR PORT BLAIR YEAR PORT BLAIR
1880 1461 1901 1458
1881 1438 1902 1438
1882 1436 1903 1483
1883 1440 1904 1459
1884 1429 1905 1433
1885 1406 1906 1458
1886 1373 1907 1473
1887 1435 1908 1435
1888 1410 1909 1484
1889 1398 1910 1487
1890 1404 1911 1465
1891 1404 1912 1472
1892 1466 1913 1470
1893 1426 1914 1468
1894 1445 1915 1504
1895 1420 1916 1492
1896 1449 1917 1474
1897 1463 1918 1494
1898 1462 1919 1480
1899 1457 1920 1490
1900 1448
INDIA
Information for -
HANSTAL (22 56N, 70 21E) (Not in the PSMSL)
NAVINAR (22 45N, 69 43E) (Not in the PSMSL)
OKHA POINT (22 28N, 69 05E) (Not in the PSMSL)
PORBANDAR (21 38N, 69 37E) (Not in the PSMSL)
PORT ALBERT VICTOR (20 57N, 71 32E) (Not in the PSMSL)
BHAVNAGAR (21 48N, 72 09E) (500/031 1937-65, all in RLR)
BOMBAY (PRINCE'S DOCK) (18 57N, 72 50E) (500/051 1916-20, all in RLR)
(Bombay Apollo Bandar 500/041 1878-1964, all in RLR
is connectable to Prince's Dock with the same RLR factor)
MORMUGAO (15 25N, 73 48E) (500/065 1969-78, all in RLR)
KARWAR (14 48N, 74 06E) (500/067 1970-78, all in RLR)
BEYPORE (11 10N, 75 48E) (Not in the PSMSL)
COCHIN (09 58N, 76 15E) (500/081 1939-56 1958-78,
all in RLR)
MINICOY IS. (08 17N, 73 03E) (455/011 1963-64 1966 1970-75
1977)
TUTICORIN (08 48N, 78 09E) (500/083 1964-66 1968-78,
all in RLR)
PAMBAN PASS (09 16N, 79 12E) (Not in the PSMSL)
NEGAPATAM (10 46N, 79 51E) (500/087 1971-77, all in RLR)
MADRAS (13 06N, 80 18E) (500/091 1916-20 1952-64 1966-78,
all in RLR)
COCANADA (16 56N, 82 15E) (Not in the PSMSL)
VIZAGAPATAM (17 41N, 83 17E) (500/101 1937-64 1966-68 1970-78,
all in RLR)
FALSE POINT (20 25N, 86 47E) (Not in the PSMSL)
DUBLAT (21 38N, 88 08E) (500/121 1881-86, all in RLR)
DIAMOND HARBOUR (22 11N, 88 11E) (500/131 1948-64, all in RLR)
KIDDERPORE (22 32N, 88 20E) (500/151 1881-93 1921-31,
all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
PORT
OKHA ALBERT
YEAR HANSTAL NAVINAR POINT PORBANDAR VICTOR BHAVNAGAR
1874 4978 4706 2941 .. .. ..
1881 .. .. .. .. 4228 ..
1889 .. .. .. .. .. 6920
1890 .. .. .. .. .. 6932
1891 .. .. .. .. .. 6886
1892 .. .. .. .. .. 6919
1893 .. .. .. 1868 .. 6873
1894 .. .. .. 1969 .. ..
1900 .. .. .. 2238 2944 ..
1901 .. .. .. 2259 2971 ..
1902 .. .. .. .. 3005 ..
1903 .. .. .. .. 3009 ..
1905 .. .. 2925 .. .. ..
BOMBAY
(PRINCE'S MINICOY
YEAR DOCK) MORMUGAO KARWAR BEYPORE COCHIN IS. TUTICORIN
1878 .. .. 1722 1641 .. .. ..
1879 .. .. 1689 1643 .. .. ..
1880 .. .. 1696 1650 .. .. ..
1881 .. .. 1681 1650 .. .. ..
1882 .. .. 1674 1644 .. .. ..
1883 .. .. .. 1616 .. .. ..
1884 .. 1680 .. .. .. .. ..
1885 .. 1700 .. .. .. .. ..
1886 .. 1699 .. .. 738 .. ..
1887 .. 1672 .. .. 719 .. ..
1888 2532 1661 .. .. 703 .. 637
1889 2525 .. .. .. 738 .. 666
1890 2539 .. .. .. 715 .. 655
1891 2507 .. .. .. 710 1577 632
1892 2556 .. .. .. .. 1606 ..
1893 2516 .. .. .. .. 1599 ..
1894 2514 .. .. .. .. 1585 ..
1895 2522 .. .. .. .. 1583 ..
1896 2524 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1897 2518 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1898 2529 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1899 2503 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1900 2458 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1901 2511 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1902 2555 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1903 2527 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1904 2492 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1905 2433 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1906 2435 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1907 2514 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1908 2473 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1909 2475 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1910 2500 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1911 2499 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1912 2530 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1913 2506 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1914 2535 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1915 2525 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1916 2562 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1917 2552 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1918 2530 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1919 2547 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1920 2521 .. .. .. .. .. ..
PAMBAN
YEAR PASS KIDDERPORE MADRAS COCANADA VIZAGAPATAM
1878 813 .. .. .. ..
1879 825 .. .. .. 1521
1880 841 .. 686 .. 1499
1881 824 .. 673 .. 1466
1882 .. .. 664 .. 1467
1883 .. .. 664 .. 1467
1884 .. .. 650 .. 1411
1885 .. .. 625 .. ..
1886 .. .. 707 1673 ..
1887 .. .. 691 1623 ..
1888 .. .. 650 1571 ..
1889 .. .. 717 1650 ..
1890 .. .. .. 1618 ..
1894 .. 3470 .. .. ..
1895 .. 3193 663 .. ..
1896 .. 3085 603 .. ..
1897 .. 3211 695 .. ..
1898 .. 3310 701 .. ..
1899 .. 3249 723 .. ..
1900 .. 3232 661 .. ..
1901 .. 3157 696 .. ..
1902 .. 3169 638 .. ..
1903 .. 3265 711 .. ..
1904 .. 3301 702 .. ..
1905 .. 3229 713 .. ..
1906 .. 3268 746 .. ..
1907 .. 3157 699 .. ..
1908 .. 3169 653 .. ..
1909 .. 3283 717 .. ..
1910 .. 3321 735 .. ..
1911 .. 3286 700 .. ..
1912 .. 3144 712 .. ..
1913 .. 3199 720 .. ..
1914 .. 3143 675 .. ..
1915 .. 3186 710 .. ..
1916 .. 3293 732 .. ..
1917 .. 3294 722 .. ..
1918 .. 3145 677 .. ..
1919 .. 3164 704 .. ..
1920 .. 3100 706 .. ..
YEAR FALSE POINT DUBLAT DIAMOND HARBOUR NEGAPATAM
1881 2302 4387 2736 608
1882 2316 4419 2747 624
1883 2314 4394 2743 ..
1884 2284 4383 2712 ..
1885 .. 4347 2683 552
1886 .. .. .. 624
1887 .. .. .. 624
SRI LANKA
Information for -
COLOMBO (06 57N, 79 51E) (520/001 1934-35)
GALLE (06 02N, 80 13E) (Not in the PSMSL)
TRINCOMALEE (08 33N, 81 13E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR COLOMBO GALLE TRINCOMALEE
1884 673 810 ..
1885 689 823 ..
1886 702 817 ..
1887 670 794 ..
1888 644 783 ..
1889 675 818 ..
1890 .. .. 561
1891 .. .. 557
1892 .. .. 623
1893 .. .. 606
1894 .. .. 598
1895 .. .. 588
BANGLADESH
Information for -
CHITTAGONG (22 20N, 91 50E) (510/011 1937-48 1956-61)
(510/021 1954-60)
(510/023 1960-68)
(510/025 1961-68)
P.S.A.: Period : 1886-90
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
YEAR CHITTAGONG
1886 2515
1887 2422
1888 2415
1889 2465
1890 2431
BURMA
Information for -
AKYAB (20 08N, 92 54E) (530/001 1937-42)
DIAMOND ISLLAND (15 52N, 94 17E) (Not in the PSMSL)
ELEPHANT POINT (16 30N, 96 18E) (Not in the PSMSL)
RANGOON (18 46N, 96 10E) (530/011 1916-20 1937-41 1947-55
1957-62)
MOULMEIN (16 29N, 97 37E) (530/021 1954-64)
AMHERST (16 05N, 97 34E) (530/031 1954-64)
MERGUI (12 26N, 98 36E) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun
Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3).
Observation: hourly
Data -
DIAMOND ELEPHANT
YEAR AKYAB ISLAND POINT RANGOON MOULMEIN AMHERST MERGUI
1880 .. .. 5046 3203 2576 4143 ..
1881 .. .. .. 3174 2639 4259 ..
1882 .. .. .. 3166 2639 4176 ..
1883 .. .. .. 3157 2663 4193 ..
1884 .. .. 3785 3101 2483 4142 ..
1885 .. .. 3580 3071 2557 4057 ..
1886 .. .. 3657 3172 .. .. ..
1887 2282 .. 3652 3107 .. .. ..
1888 2265 .. 3628 3097 .. .. ..
1889 2342 .. .. 3139 .. .. 3988
1890 2297 .. .. 3162 .. .. 3957
1891 2271 .. .. 3045 .. .. 3933
1892 .. .. .. 3128 .. .. 3962
1893 .. .. .. 3114 .. .. 3958
1894 .. .. .. 3094 .. .. ..
1895 .. 2177 .. 3058 .. .. ..
1896 .. 2174 .. 3069 .. .. ..
1897 .. 2233 .. 3108 .. .. ..
1898 .. 2226 .. 3113 .. .. ..
1899 .. 2228 .. 3146 .. .. ..
1900 .. .. .. 3095 .. .. ..
1901 .. .. .. 3125 .. .. ..
1902 .. .. .. 3057 .. .. ..
1903 .. .. .. 3127 .. .. ..
1904 .. .. .. 3132 .. .. ..
1905 .. .. .. 3112 .. .. ..
1906 .. .. .. 3135 .. .. ..
1907 .. .. .. 3121 .. .. ..
1908 .. .. .. 3088 .. .. ..
1909 .. .. .. 3140 2622 .. ..
1910 .. .. .. 3163 2628 .. ..
1911 .. .. .. 3154 2618 .. ..
1912 .. .. .. 3114 2523 .. ..
1913 .. .. .. 3107 2563 .. ..
1914 .. .. .. 3111 2558 .. ..
1915 .. .. .. 3173 2575 .. ..
1916 .. .. .. 3138 2509 .. ..
1917 .. .. .. 3140 2568 .. ..
1918 .. .. .. 3163 2719 .. ..
1919 .. .. .. 3144 2652 .. ..
1920 .. .. .. 3142 2632 .. ..
JAPAN
Information for -
HUKABORI (32 41N, 129 49E) (Not in the PSMSL)
HAMADA (TONOURA) (34 55N, 132 04E) (647/021 1894-1955 1957-82,all in RLR)
SAKAI (35 33N, 133 14E) (647/041 1957-82, all in RLR)
WAZIMA (37 24N, 136 54E) (647/071 1900-84, RLR 1930-84)
IWASAKI (40 35N, 139 55E) (647/101 1898-1938 1951-70,
RLR 1958-70)
OTARU (OSYORO) (43 13N, 141 03E) (641/051 1906-33)
HANASAKI (43 17N, 145 35E) (641/011 1900-40 1954-77, RLR 1957-77)
(641/012 1977-82)
AIKAWA (38 18N, 141 30E) (642/031 1900-24 1957-66 1968-82,
RLR 1958-66 1968-82)
YOKOHAMA (35 29N, 139 39E) (642/075 1975-82)
ABURATUBO (35 09N, 139 37E) (642/091 1900-45 1947-84,
RLR 1930-45 1947-84)
TOBA (34 29N, 136 51E) (642/134 1950-77, all in RLR)
(642/135 1977-82)
KUSIMOTO (33 28N, 136 47E) (642/141 1900-24 1957-82, RLR 1957-82)
SIMOTU (34 07N, 135 08E) (643/011 1965-66)
KOBE (34 41N, 135 11E) (643/024 1957-82, all in RLR)
UWAZIMA (33 13N, 132 32E) (644/021 1941-68, RLR 1957-68)
(644/022 1968-82, all in RLR)
HOSOSIMA (32 25N, 131 40E) (645/011 1900-84, RLR 1930-79 1981-84)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Imperial Military Land Survey Department, Tokyo
Imperial Marine Observatory, Kobe
Publication by S.Hirayama
Datum : B.M. and Levelling System
Observation: hourly
Otaru and Hanasaki are calculated from daily
means obtained by integration from continuous
readings
Data -
YEAR HUKABORI HAMADA SAKAI WAZIMA IWASAKI OTARU HANASAKI AIKAWA
1894 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -3654
1895 .. -3699 .. .. .. .. .. -3651
1896 .. -3720 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1897 -3986 .. .. .. .. .. -3696 ..
1898 -3982 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1899 -3996 .. .. .. .. .. -3705 ..
1900 .. .. .. .. .. .. -3659 ..
1901 -4017 -3703 .. -3715 .. .. -3666 ..
1902 .. -3735 .. -3728 -5235 -3248 -3665 ..
1903 .. -3732 .. -3714 -5218 -3242 .. -3522
1904 .. -3689 .. -3697 -5193 .. .. -3525
1905 -3994 .. .. -3707 -5203 .. .. ..
1906 .. .. .. .. -5218 .. .. -3474
1907 .. .. .. .. -5230 .. .. ..
1908 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1926 .. .. -501 .. .. .. .. ..
1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1927/28 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
YEAR YOKOHAMA ABURATUBO TOBA KUSIMOTO SIMUTO KOBE UWAZIMA HOSOSIMA
1894 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1895 .. -3668 .. .. .. .. .. -4194
1896 .. -3679 .. .. .. .. .. -4192
1897 .. -3638 .. -3780 .. .. .. -4116
1898 .. -3650 .. -3794 .. .. .. ..
1899 .. .. .. -3776 .. .. .. ..
1900 -1306 .. .. .. .. -1409 .. ..
1901 -1363 .. .. .. .. -1402 .. ..
1902 -1347 .. .. .. .. -1415 .. ..
1903 -1362 .. .. .. .. -1463 .. ..
1904 -1373 -3634 .. -3742 .. -1490 .. ..
1905 -1367 .. .. -3741 .. .. .. ..
1906 .. .. .. .. .. -1430 .. -4138
1907 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1908 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1926 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1927 .. .. -2165 .. .. .. .. ..
1927/28 .. .. .. .. -1694 .. -1614 ..
FORMOSA
Information for -
KIRUN (25 09N, 121 45E) (612/001 1904-24)
TAKAO (22 37N, 120 16E) (612/011 1904-43)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Imperial Military Land Survey Department, Tokyo
Publication by S.Hirayama
Datum : unspecified
Observation: calculated from daily means obtained by
integration from continuous readings
Data -
YEAR KIRUN TAKAO
1904 .. -3382
1905 -3099 -3424
1906 -3048 ..
1907 -3047 ..
1908 -3040 ..
AUSTRALIA
Information for -
BRISBANE (27 19S, 153 10E) (680/078 1961-64 1966-73, RLR 1966-73)
BALLINA (28 52S, 153 37E) (680/081 1928-38 1959-66, RLR 1959-64)
NEWCASTLE (32 55S, 151 48E) (680/131 1928-38 1946-61, all in RLR)
(680/132 1972-84, all in RLR)
(680/133 1925-84, all in RLR)
SYDNEY (33 51S, 151 14E) (680/141 1897-1985, all in RLR)
ALBANY (35 02S, 117 54E) (680/451 1923-24 1957-63 1965-79,
RLR 1966-76)
FREMANTLE (32 03S, 115 44E) (680/471 1913-14 1937-38 1947 1957-64
1967-79)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Hydrographic Department of Admiralty, London
Department of Harbours and Marine, Brisbane
A publication by Mr.T.Wright
A publication by Mr.F.J.Selby
A publication by Mr.H.B.Curlewis
Harbour Authorities
Government Astronomer of West Australia.
Datum : all 'local'
Observation: hourly except for Brisbane 1865-66 and Sydney 1888
which are Mean Tide Level
Data -
YEAR BRISBANE BALLINA NEWCASTLE SYDNEY ALBANY FREMANTLE
1865/6 2170 .. .. .. .. ..
1873 .. .. .. 1076 .. ..
1874 .. .. .. 1104 .. ..
1875 .. .. .. 1087 .. ..
1876 .. .. .. 1067 .. ..
1876/77 .. .. .. .. 587 ..
..
1877 .. .. .. 1026 .. ..
1878 .. .. .. 1004 .. ..
1879 .. .. .. 990 .. ..
1880 .. .. .. 945 .. ..
1881 .. .. .. 777 .. ..
1882 .. .. .. 764 .. ..
1883 .. .. .. 781 .. ..
1884 .. .. .. 786 .. ..
1885 .. .. .. 748 .. ..
1888 .. .. .. 746 .. ..
1896 1055 .. .. .. .. ..
1898 .. 610 .. .. .. ..
1900 .. .. 925 .. .. ..
1908 1042 .. .. .. .. 628u
1909 .. .. .. .. .. 628u
1910 .. .. .. .. .. 628u
1911 .. .. .. .. .. 668u
1912 .. .. .. .. .. 668u
Notes -
'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data
NEW ZEALAND
Information for -
AUCKLAND (36 51S, 174 49E) (690/001 1917-19 1921-23 1937 1941
1960-61 1984,
RLR 1917-19 1921-23 1937 1941
1960-61)
WELLINGTON (41 17S, 174 48E) (690/011 1918-19 1921-24 1927 1930
1937 1939 1942 1961 1984)
PORT LYTTELTON (43 36S, 172 51E) (690/021 1923-27 1960-64, all in RLR)
PORT CHALMERS (45 49S, 170 39E) (Not in the PSMSL)
DUNEDIN (45 53S, 170 33E) (690/031 1923-27 1937 1963, all in RLR)
WESTPORT (41 46S, 171 37E) (690/061 1962 1984)
NEW PLYMOUTH (39 03S, 174 02E) (690/081 1962-63 1984)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Department of Lands and Surveys, Wellington
Harbour Authorities
A publication by Mr.T.Wright
Datum : all 'local'
Observation: hourly except Auckland 1900-01 and Wellington
1901 which are Mean Tide Level
Data -
PORT PORT NEW
YEAR AUCKLAND WELLINGTON LYTTELTON CHALMERS DUNEDIN WESTPORT PLYMOUTH
1900/1 1942 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1901 .. 836 .. 990 .. .. ..
1901/2 .. .. 898 .. .. .. ..
1909 1902 893 .. .. .. .. ..
1910 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1911 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1912 .. .. .. .. 983 .. ..
1913 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1914 .. .. 911 .. 956 .. ..
1915 .. 857 .. .. 993 .. ..
1916 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1917 1929 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1918 1920 .. 980 .. 999 1511 1676
1919 1868 939 905 .. .. 1437 1603
1920 .. .. .. .. .. 1424 1606
1921 .. .. .. .. .. 1436 1615
1922 .. .. .. .. .. 1461 ..
CAROLINE ISLANDS
Information for -
PALAU (07 20N, 134 29E) (710/021 'MALAKAL' 1974-83, all in RLR)
P.S.A.: Period : 1926
Authorities: Meteorological Observatory, Palau
Imperial Marine Observatory, Kobe
Datum : B.M.
Observation: from daily means calculated from continuous
records by integration
Data -
YEAR PALAU
1926 -1152*
Notes -
'*' indicates the above value has been truncated from the value in P.S.A.
CANADA (PACIFIC COAST)
Information for -
PORT SIMPSON (54 34N, 130 26W) (Not in the PSMSL)
PRINCE RUPERT (54 19N, 130 20W) (822/001 1933 1939-41 1943-80,
all in RLR)
WADHAMS (51 24N, 127 38W) (Not in the PSMSL)
VANCOUVER (49 18N, 123 07W) (822/071 1910-23 1940-41 1943-80,
all in RLR)
SAND HEADS (49 07N, 123 17W) (Not in the PSMSL)
VICTORIA (48 26N, 123 23W) (822/101 1909-80, all in RLR)
CLAYOQUOT (49 09N, 125 55W) (822/116 'TOFINO' 1935 1940-41
1943-80, RLR 1962-80)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa
Tidal and Currents Survey, Ottawa
Messrs.E.Roberts and Sons, London
Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute
Datum : all 'local' - see P.S.A. for details
Observation: hourly or hourly with allowance for incomplete
tidal periods
POINT ATKINSON (CAULFEILD) (49 20N, 123 15W) (822/051 1914-19 1921-22
1927 1932-33 1944-45 1947-80, all in RLR)
P.S.F.: Period : 1914/15-1920/21, 1944-46, 1957-59
Authority : Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa
Datum : measured to local B.M.
Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods
FULFORD HARBOUR (48 46N, 123 27W) (822/096 1960-80, all in RLR)
P.S.F.: Period : 1953-59
Authority : Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa
Datum : not specified
Observation: hourly
Data -
PORT PRINCE POINT FULFORD
YEAR SIMPSON RUPERT WADHAMS ATKINSON VANCOUVER HARBOUR
(CAULFEILD)
1902/03 3858 .. .. .. 2464 ..
1903/04 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1904/05 3835 .. .. .. .. ..
1905/06 3857 .. .. .. 2452 ..
1906/07 3818 3819 2673 .. 2463 ..
1907/08 3794 3815 2637 .. 2443 ..
1908/09 3780 .. 2607 .. 2453 ..
1909/10 .. 3801 2686 .. 2431 ..
1910/11 .. 3790 2724 .. .. ..
1911/12 3808 .. .. .. 2435 ..
1912/13 3854 3795 .. .. 2449 ..
1913/14 3910 3891 .. .. 2452 ..
1914/15 3910 3893 .. 2707 2500 ..
1915/16 .. 3821 .. 2658 2485 ..
1916/17 3756 3751 .. 2585 2392 ..
1917/18 .. 3785 .. 2649 2455 ..
1918/19 3855 .. .. 2676 2486 ..
1919/20 3759 .. .. 2585 2405 ..
1920/21 .. .. .. 2658 2492 ..
1921/22 .. .. .. .. 2437 ..
1922/23 .. .. .. .. 2442 ..
1930/31 .. .. .. .. 2459 ..
1934/35 .. .. .. .. 2476 ..
1944 .. .. .. 2591 .. ..
1945 .. .. .. 2646 .. ..
1946 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1947 .. .. .. 2621 .. ..
1948 .. .. .. 2667 .. ..
1949 .. .. .. 2633 .. ..
1950 .. .. .. 2701 .. ..
1951 .. .. .. 2701 .. ..
1952 .. .. .. 2682 .. ..
1953 .. .. .. 2694 .. 2252
1954 .. .. .. 2716 .. 2271
1955 .. .. .. 2646 .. 2204
1956 .. .. .. 2664 .. 2225
1957 .. .. .. 2704 .. 2262
1958 .. .. .. 2746 .. 2323
1959 .. .. .. 2682 .. 2262
YEAR SAND HEADS VICTORIA CLAYOQUOT
1895/96 2578 1929 ..
1896/97 2565 1943 ..
1897/98 .. .. ..
1898/99 2583 .. ..
1899/1900 2609 .. ..
1900/01 .. .. ..
1901/02 2568 .. ..
1902/03 .. .. ..
1903/04 2608 1872 ..
1904/05 .. .. ..
1905/06 .. .. 2227
1906/07 .. .. 2238
1907/08 .. .. ..
1908/09 .. .. 2198
1909/10 .. 1836 2234
1910/11 .. 1837 2230
1911/12 .. 1855 2192
1912/13 .. 1830 2226
1913/14 .. 1882 2268
1914/15 .. 1921 2292
1915/16 .. 1881 2222
1916/17 .. 1796 2123
1917/18 .. 1826 2194
1918/19 .. 1905 2188
1919/20 .. 1800 2125
1920/21 .. 1876 ..
1921/22 .. 1840 ..
1922/23 .. 1825 ..
1923/24 .. 1860 ..
1924/25 .. 1854 ..
1925/26 .. 1882 ..
1926/27 .. 1875 ..
1927/28 .. 1871 ..
1928/29 .. 1818 ..
1929/30 .. 1822 ..
1930/31 .. 1893 ..
1931/32 .. 1877 ..
1932/33 .. 1886 ..
1933/34 .. .. ..
1934/35 .. 1802 2206
1935/36 .. .. ..
CANADA (ATLANTIC COAST)
Information for -
ST.JOHN (45 15N, 66 04W) (970/001 1906 1917 1920-21 1923-24
1926-27 1929-34 1938-39 1941-80,
all in RLR)
HALIFAX (44 40N, 63 34W) (970/011 1897 1920-80, all in RLR)
ST.PAUL ISLAND (47 12N, 60 09W) (Not in the PSMSL)
CHARLOTTETOWN (46 13N, 63 08W) (970/031 1912-14 1917 1934 1938-80,
RLR 1912-14 1917 1934 1938-69,
1972-80)
FATHER POINT (48 31N, 68 28W) (Not in the PSMSL)
QUEBEC (46 49N, 71 11W) (970/071 1965-80, all in RLR)
S.W.POINT ANTICOSTI (49 24N, 63 36W) (Not in the PSMSL)
FORTEAU BAY (51 27N, 56 53W) (Not in the PSMSL)
P.S.A.: Period : as shown below
Authorities: Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa
Tidal and Currents Survey, Ottawa
Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute
Messrs.E.Roberts and Sons, London
Datum : all 'local' - see P.S.A. for details
Observation: hourly and hourly with allowance for incomplete
tidal periods
Data -
CHAR-
ST. ST.PAUL LOTTE FATHER S.W.POINT FORTEAU
YEAR JOHN HALIFAX ISLAND -TOWN POINT QUEBEC ANTICOSTI BAY
1851/52 .. 1415 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1852/53 .. 1411 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1860/61 .. 1167 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1861/62 .. 1338 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1894/95 4253 .. .. .. .. 2638 1059 ..
1895/96 4251 1034 774 .. .. 2589 1022 ..
1896/97 4259 .. .. .. .. 2588 1029 ..
1897/98 4284 1071 742 .. 2298 2636 1044 ..
1898/99 4295 1070 .. .. 2307 2610 .. 811
1899/1900 .. 1063 714 .. 2326 2603 .. 842
1900/01 4304 1080 713 .. 2370 2615 .. 872
1901/02 4303 .. .. .. .. 2649 .. ..
1902/03 4307 1085 689 .. .. 2665 .. 876
1903/04 4244 1071 704 .. .. 2634 .. 858
1904/05 4217 1045 702 .. 2262 .. .. ..
1905/06 4222 1045 680 .. 2266 2596 .. ..
1906/07 4241 .. 696 .. 2265 2574 .. ..
1907/08 4277 .. .. 1468 2281 2667 .. ..
1908/09 4292 .. 728 1514 .. 2637 .. ..
1909/10 4313 .. 741 1521 2357 2704 .. ..
1910/11 4261 .. 752 .. 2313 2598 .. ..
1911/12 4281 .. 723 1473 2274 2491 .. ..
1912/13 4261 .. 739 1512 2320 2630 .. ..
1913/14 4243 .. 735 1494 2288 2568 .. ..
1914/15 4255 .. 705 1479 2279 2484 .. ..
1915/16 4278 .. 728 .. 2290 2542 .. ..
1916/17 4310 .. 716 1490 2303 2580 .. ..
1917/18 .. .. 704 1510 2258 2616 .. ..
1918/19 .. .. 690 1494 2285 2654 .. ..
1919/20 .. 1095 729 1514 2265 2615 .. ..
1920/21 4275 1077 724 .. 2260 .. .. ..
1921/22 .. 1068 706 .. .. .. .. ..
1922/23 .. 1101 700 .. .. .. .. ..
1923/24 4273 1120 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1924/25 .. 1078 749 .. .. .. .. ..
1925/26 .. .. 712 .. .. .. .. ..
1926/27 4239 .. 793 .. .. .. .. ..
1927/28 .. 1111 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1928/29 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1929/30 4252 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1930/31 4289 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1931/32 4273 .. .. .. .. 2580 .. ..
1932/33 4305 1151 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1933/34 4264 .. .. 1498 .. .. .. ..
1934/35 .. 1138 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1935/36 .. 1128 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SECTION^2
DATUM RELATIONSHIPS
The vertical height adjustments ('RLR factors' in PSMSL terminology)
which connect data values of Section 1 to those of the PSMSL RLR
dataset are listed below. Stations from Section 1 which have not been
included below have insufficient benchmark information to enable such
a computation. Adjustments for Norwegian and Swedish RLR stations have
also not been made; the data for the former in Section 1 are hardly
sufficient while the latter are discussed in considerable detail in the
reports of Ekman (see Section 3).
COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR
------- ------- ----------- ---------
BELGIUM OSTENDE 4621 160/021
FRANCE CALAIS 7053 190/011
BOULOGNE 7011 190/021
DIEPPE 6960 190/031
CHERBOURG 6975 (1891 onwards only) 190/061
MARSEILLE 6840 230/051
SPAIN ALICANTE I 10400 220/051
(N.B. there is also an Alicante II RLR series 220/052)
YEMEN ADEN 5141 485/001
INDIA BHAVNAGAR 159 500/031
(N.B. suspect RLR time series)
BOMBAY 4466 500/051
(N.B. Bombay Prince's Dock 500/051 and Apollo Bandar
500/041 are geodetically connectable and have the same
RLR factor. The 3 data sources can be combined.)
MORMUGAO 5167 500/065
COCHIN 6151 500/081
NEGAPATAM 6363 500/087
MADRAS 6253 500/091
VIZAGAPATAM 5594 500/101
DIAMOND HBR. 4188 500/131
KIDDERPORE 3845 500/151
COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR
------- ------- ----------- ---------
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE I 6033 680/131
(N.B. there are also Newcastle II and III RLR time
series 680/132 and 680/133)
NEW ZEALAND AUCKLAND 5043 (1917-19 only) 690/001
PORT LYTTELTON 6003 690/021
CANADA VANCOUVER 4562 822/071
VICTORIA 5106 (1909-35 only) 822/101
FULFORD HBR. 4792 (1953) 822/096
4611 (1954-56 suspect value)
4792 (1957-59)
ST.JOHN 2604 970/001
HALIFAX 5768 970/011
CHARLOTTETOWN 5434 970/031
QUEBEC 4454 (1911-20 and 1931-32 only)
970/071
In addition, since the publication of Pugh et al. (1987), six further
stations from the Survey of India listed in Section 1 have been added to
the RLR dataset. Their datum relationships are as follows.
COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR
------- ------- ----------- ---------
PAKISTAN KARACHI 4781 490/021
ANDAMAN IS. PORT BLAIR 5346 540/001
BURMA AKYAB 4637 530/001
RANGOON 3694 530/011
MOULMEIN 4206 530/021
AMHERST 2826 530/031
These RLR connections to the Publications Scientifiques data are the
essential 'new' information of this report. While the PSMSL RLR time
series have been employed by many researchers and the Publication
Scientifiques values have been used in a few individual studies, the
two datasets have, to our knowledge, never been connected together in
any study of sea level changes.
Plots of the resulting composite time series are shown below. In each
case a data point from Section 1 of this report is shown by a
a star, after adjustment to RLR datum as described above. RLR annual
mean values from the PSMSL databank are shown as circles (for those
for which an annual mean exists). If values are available for any year
from both sources, then the two are shown individually but the connecting
line goes through their arithmetic mean. For Bombay 1916-20 the circles
shown are averages of Prince's Dock and Apollo Bandar RLR data; all other
circles indicate Apollo Bandar data alone. For those stations for which
the annual means cross calendar years (e.g. 1851/52 etc. for Halifax,
Canada) the data points are assigned to the first year (i.e. 1851 in this
example).
For each plot a secular trend of relative mean sea level has been
computed from the total available data, sometimes with outlying years
omitted, as listed below in the same station order. These trends are
given as complementary information to the plots only and should not be
considered as scientific determinations of the real sea level trends at
each station without considerable further analysis. For several stations,
anomalous trends are suggested by the composite series, which presumably
result from unrecorded datum shifts in the very old data. For others,
there are large gaps between periods of recording which make trend
calculations less reliable. Hopefully these composite series will be
employed in more sophisticated analyses of sea level secular trends.
STATION No.YEARS PERIOD TREND (mm/year)
------- -------- ------ ---------------
OSTENDE 41 1925-1980 0.97 +/- 0.24
CALAIS 23 1932-1982 -5.53 +/- 0.49
BOULOGNE 24 1932-1982 -0.21 +/- 0.83
DIEPPE 33 1936-1983 -1.34 +/- 1.21
25 1956-1983 6.36 +/- 1.05
CHERBOURG 74 1891-1984 1.67 +/- 0.39
MARSEILLE 78 1885-1963 1.75 +/- 0.15
ALICANTE I 69 1874-1969 0.41 +/- 0.16
ADEN 81 1879-1969 1.17 +/- 0.10
52 1879-1930 0.10 +/- 0.14
30 1930-1969 2.24 +/- 0.39
BHAVNAGAR 33 1889-1964 0.75 +/- 0.94
(suspect RLR series)
BOMBAY 86 1878-1964 1.27 +/- 0.13
MORMUGAO 13 1884-1978 2.26 +/- 0.10
COCHIN 41 1886-1977 0.96 +/- 0.20
NEGAPATAM 7 1881-1976 0.55 +/- 0.28
MADRAS 57 1880-1978 0.68 +/- 0.12
VIZAGAPATAM 46 1879-1978 0.13 +/- 0.19
DIAMOND HBR. 22 1881-1964 0.06 +/- 0.29
KIDDERPORE 48 1882-1931 -5.49 +/- 0.90
NEWCASTLE 27 1900-1960 2.87 +/- 0.79
AUCKLAND 10 1917-1961 1.82 +/- 0.52
PORT LYTTELTON 12 1901-1963 3.53 +/- 1.23
VANCOUVER 61 1902-1980 -0.07 +/- 0.15
VICTORIA 71 1909-1980 0.47 +/- 0.18
FULFORD HBR. 28 1953-1980 3.28 +/- 1.55
ST.JOHN 69 1894-1979 2.10 +/- 0.15
HALIFAX 70 1895-1979 3.25 +/- 0.12
CHARLOTTETOWN 48 1907-1980 2.92 +/- 0.17
QUEBEC 26 1911-1980 0.57 +/- 0.35
KARACHI 63 1868-1946 0.97 +/- 0.13
PORT BLAIR 47 1880-1964 2.22 +/- 0.14
AKYAB 10 1887-1941 1.49 +/- 0.40
RANGOON 61 1880-1962 1.54 +/- 0.29
MOULMEIN 28 1880-1963 3.60 +/- 0.48
AMHERST 16 1880-1963 0.01 +/- 0.35
SECTION 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NON-PSMSL MEAN SEA LEVEL TABULATIONS
(1) Rijkswaterstaat corrected time series of Amsterdam sea level.
In 1945 J.van Veen published the paper 'Bestaat er een geologische
bodemdaling te Amsterdam sedert 1700?', Tijdschrift Koninklijk
Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2e reeks, deel LXII
which listed Amsterdam levels since 1700. The gauge readings themselves
commenced in 1682. These data have since been corrected by the
Rijkswaterstaat to give a time series for 1700-1925 measured relative to
NAP. The new series is similar to van Veen's, and the new corrections
applied are rather complicated, but it is listed below in full in view of
its importance in sea level recording history; units are millimetres.
To understand the recent corrections applied to these data consult the
tables on pages 12-14 of the van Veen paper. Of these 'Middenstand'
(column 4) is 'mean sea level' while 'Halftijstand' (column 7) is 'half
tide level'. In van Veen's Fig.4 he plots the moving 3 year average of
half tide over the period 1700-1860 with a line of best fit (i.e. the
uncorrected trend line) and over the full period 1682-1930 a corrected
trend line. The data shown below are computed as follows:
(a) Period 1700-1860 (i.e. Reeks = Series A): mean sea level data
of column 4 adjusted according to the differences between the
uncorrected and the corrected trend line;
(b) Period 1861-1871 (i.e. Reeks A'): of these, mean sea level data
for 1861-1864 are uncorrected. The other seven years are half tide
plus 0.5cm (being the difference between mean sea level and half tide
according to page 12);
(c) Period 1874 onwards (i.e. Reeks A''): for this period a trend line
was drawn through the points indicated by Z ('Z-line') of Fig.4.
Next the half tide figures of the table are adjusted according to the
differences between the corrected trend line and the Z-line, after
which the 0.5cm mentioned above is added to each value.
(Contact address: Ir. J.De Ronde or Ir. J.van Malde, Dienst Getijdewateren,
van Alkemadelaan 400, Postbus 20904, 2500 EX's-gravenhage, Netherlands).
YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL
---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- -----
1700 -152 1768 -160 1821 -123 1875 -125
1701 -158 1769 -86 1822 -125 1876 -80
1702 -132 1770 -94 1823 -198 1877 -43
1703 -172 1771 -87 1824 -97 1878 -60
1704 -135 1772 -142 1825 -87 1879 -79
1705 -167 1773 -143 1826 -126 1880 -31
1706 -192 1774 -135 1827 -97 1881 -64
1707 -153 1775 -127 1828 -124 1882 -74
1708 -149 1776 -150 1829 -119 1883 -58
1709 -187 1777 -131 1830 -141 1884 -54
1710 -168 1778 -155 1831 -94 1885 -75
1711 -140 1779 -131 1832 -141 1886 -88
1712 -129 1780 -130 1833 -106 1887 -64
1713 -151 1781 -134 1834 -77 1888 -86
1714 -106 1782 -160 1835 -105 1889 -53
1715 -172 1783 -157 1836 -96 1890 -84
1716 -168 1784 -173 1837 -88 1891 -94
1717 -164 1785 -178 1838 -117 1892 -78
1718 -185 1786 -178 1839 -114 1893 -67
1719 -182 1787 -125 1840 -111 1894 -92
1720 -109 1788 -204 1841 -85 1895 -74
1721 -146 1789 -161 1842 -132 1896 -81
1722 -141 1790 -109 1843 -57 1897 -82
1723 -99 1791 -92 1844 -53 1898 -32
1724 -145 1792 -150 1845 -90 1899 -36
1725 -166 1793 -154 1846 -80 1900 -67
1726 -108 1794 -118 1847 -118 1901 -45
1727 -136 1795 -121 1848 -141 1902 -62
1728 -195 1796 -157 1849 -101 1903 -25
1729 -176 1797 -134 1850 -91 1904 -58
1730 -148 1798 -135 1851 -102 1905 -32
1731 -108 1799 -177 1852 -97 1906 -34
1732 -134 1800 -175 1853 -113 1907 -75
1733 -160 1801 -90 1854 -49 1908 -66
1734 -165 1802 -159 1855 -111 1909 -36
1735 -181 1803 -172 1856 -85 1910 -12
1736 -109 1804 -130 1857 -145 1911 -24
1737 -92 1805 -142 1858 -137 1912 -7
1738 -152 1806 -106 1859 -102 1913 -22
1739 -123 1807 -105 1860 -113 1914 0
1740 -124 1808 -183 1861 -94 1915 7
1741 -122 1809 -151 1862 -125 1916 -5
1742 -154 1810 -128 1863 -121 1917 -37
1743 -144 1811 -137 1864 -161 1918 -44
1744 -148 1812 -141 1865 -157 1919 -38
1745 -178 1813 -150 1866 -93 1920 14
1746 -178 1814 -185 1867 -58 1921 -10
1747 -142 1815 -144 1868 -91 1922 -16
1748 -147 1816 -113 1869 -75 1923 -38
1749 -167 1817 -102 1870 -129 1925 29
------------- 1818 -160 1871 -141
1766 -175 1819 -158 -------------
1767 -111 1820 -194 1874 -110
(2) 'Apparent land uplift at 20 sea level stations in Sweden 1895-1984'
by M.Ekman, National Land Survey of Sweden Report 1986:6. (Address:
National Land Survey of Sweden, Division of Geodetic Research,
S-801 12, Gavle, Sweden)
This contains annual mean values from 20 stations along the Swedish
coast, most of which are from the Swedish Meteorological and
Hydrological Institute (SMHI), which is the supplier of Swedish data
to the PSMSL, and three records (Stockholm, Gronskar and Gavle) for
which the author is responsible.
(3) 'A reinvestigation of the world's second longest series of sea
level observations: Stockholm 1774-1984' by M.Ekman, National Land
Survey of Sweden Report 1986:4. (Address as above).
(4) 'Tables and graphs of annual mean sea level along the Japanese
coast, 1894-1975' by the Coastal Movements Data Center, Japan.
Anonymous author, published in 1976. (Address: Coastal Movements
Data Centre, Kitazato-1, Yatabe-Machi, Tsukuba-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken 305,
Japan).
This report contains mostly annual mean values which are included in the
PSMSL databank. However, several series start a few years before the
corresponding monthly and annual PSMSL series. A major exception is
Fukaura (PSMSL code 647/098), on the Japan Sea coast of northern Honshu,
which commences in 1972 in the PSMSL record but 1897 in this report.
(5) 'Monthly and annual mean sea levels at Trieste 1890-1984' by F.Stravisi
and S.Ferraro, Bollettino di Oceanologia Teorica ed Applicata, 4(2), 1986,
97-104.
This lists monthly and annual means for Trieste for 1905 onwards, which
also can be found in the PSMSL databank, together with annual-only
means for 1890-1904.
(6) In his 'A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and
Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839-43' (London: John Murray, 447pp.)
Sir James Ross describes measurements of mean sea level made in Tasmania
and the Falkland Islands. Tasmanian measurements were made at Port Arthur
by Mr.T.J.Lempriere (July 1841) and the original benchmark still exists
('Early mean sea levels and tides in Tasmania' by B.Hamon, Search, 16,
274-277, 1985). The original observations have been lost. The Falklands
Islands measurements were made by Ross at Port Louis every half-hour
between 10 May and 6 September 1842. A copper plate recently confirmed to
be still in existence is inscribed as being '5 feet 8 inches above the
mean level of the ocean ...'. The original half-hour readings have not
been located.
(7) Annual-only values of mean tide level and mean high and low waters
for several German North Sea stations including Borkum, Busum, Cuxhaven,
Bremerhaven, Helgoland, Husum, Amrum and Wilhelmshaven are available from
the Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut in Hamburg or from the PSMSL. The
longest record is that from Cuxhaven for 1846 onwards. At the time of
writing of this report, it is expected that the corresponding monthly
means will eventually be made available; they will subsequently be
incorporated into the PSMSL databank.
(8) 'Account of the operation of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India
XVI: Details of tidal observations' by J.Eccles, Survey of India, Dehra
Dun, 1901, 152pp contains most of the early data from the Indian
sub-continent included in Section 2. It also contains detailed descriptions
of benchmarks and site plans etc. It should be noted that, because the
benchmarks are so very well documented, these mean sea level measurements
can be considered as some of the most reliable.